AT86RF232
8 Functional Description
8.1 Introduction – IEEE 802.15.4-2006 Frame Format
Figure 8-1 provides an overview of the physical layer (PHY) frame structure as defined
by IEEE 802.15.4. Figure 8-2 shows the frame structure of the medium access control
(MAC) layer.
Figure 8-1. IEEE 802.15.4 Frame Format - PHY-Layer Frame Structure (PPDU).
PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU)
Preamble Sequence
5 octets
Synchronization Header (SHR)
SFD
Frame Length
1 octet
(PHR)
PHY Payload
Maximum 127 octets
PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU)
MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)
8.1.1 PHY Protocol Layer Data Unit (PPDU)
8.1.1.1 Synchronization Header (SHR)
The SHR consists of a four-octet preamble field (all zero), followed by a single byte
start-of-frame
delimiter (SFD, value 0xA7).
During
transmission,
the SHR is
automatically generated by the Atmel AT86RF232, thus the Frame Buffer shall contain
PHR and PSDU only.
The transmission of the SHR requires 160μs (10 symbols). As the SPI data rate is
normally higher than the over-air data rate, this allows the microcontroller to initiate a
transmission without having transferred the full frame data already. Instead it is possible
to subsequently write the frame content.
During frame reception, the SHR is used for synchronization purposes. The matching
SFD determines the beginning of the PHR and the following PSDU payload data.
8.1.1.2 PHY Header (PHR)
The PHY header is a single octet following the SHR. The least significant seven bits
denote the frame length of the following PSDU, while the most significant bit of that
octet is reserved, and shall be set to zero for IEEE 802.15.4 compliant frames.
On reception, the PHR is returned as the first octet during Frame Buffer read access.
While the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard declares bit seven of the PHR octet as being
reserved, the AT86RF232 preserves this bit upon transmission and reception so it can
be used to carry additional information within proprietary networks. Nevertheless, this
bit is not considered to be part of the frame length, so only frames between one and
127 octets are possible. For IEEE 802.15.4 compliant operation bit[7] has to be masked
by software.
The reception of a valid PHR (that is frame length greater than zero) is signaled by an
interrupt IRQ_2 (RX_START).
On transmission the PHR is to be supplied by the microcontroller during Frame Buffer
write access as the first octet.
79
8321A – MCU Wireless – 10/11
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